Theory
Equation of the nuclear reaction is as follow;
90Th 234 —–→ 91Pa234 + –β0 + anti-neutrino + Q (energy)
Physically, the unstable 90Th 234 nucleus emits an electron and an anti-neutrino and converts to 91Pa234 with the release of some energy. At the same time, a neutron in the nucleus converts to proton. Thus there is no change in the mass number A. However, the charge number increases by 1 unit.
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